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What is Climate Change?
Causes of Climate Change
Greenhouse Gases
Human Influence on Climate Change
Evidences & Effects of Global Warming
The Kyoto Protocol
Climate
Change Mitigation
Climate
Change Adaptation
Clean Development Mechanism
Joint Implementation
Emissions Trading
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Joint Implementation (Article 6, Kyoto
Protocol)
Joint Implementation (JI) mechanism, is one of the three cooperative
mechanisms proposed by the parties to the Kyoto Protocol, to assist
parties meet their Kyoto emission reduction targets.
JI allows
the
annex I countries to claim credit for emission reductions that arise from
investment in other annex I countries.
This results in
a transfer of Emissions Reduction Units (ERUs) between countries.
An annex I country with emission reduction target commitment in
Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol can execute an emission reduction project in
another annex I country also with emission reduction target
commitment in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol and obtain ERUs that counts as
credits towards the funding countries emission target. The host country
(i.e. project beneficiary) earns no ERUs but gains the sustainable
project with low or no carbon emission potentials.
The funding party
can also receive ERUs through afforestation and /or reforestation
activities or any activities that provide carbon sink to the host party.
A possible scenario is for the industrialised countries in annex I to invest in
the Economies in Transition (EITs) in Annex I and obtain EURs.
Similar to the
Clean Development
Mechanism, JI is project oriented. Likely projects include:
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Renewable energy projects such as Wind Power,
Hydropower, Biomass;
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End-use energy efficiency improvements;
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supply-side energy efficiency improvements;
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Fuel Switching projects;
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Reduction of industrial emissions (CO2 from Cement,
HFCs, PFCs, SF6)
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Methane capture and re-use from coal mines,
landfills and industrial wastewater;
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Afforestation/reforestations
Implementation of JI:
JI is coordinated by Joint Implementation Supervisory
Committee (JISC).
The general conditions that must be fulfilled for JI
projects include:
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Project must
have approval by all parties involved;
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Project must
lead to sustainable development in the host countries;
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Project must
result in real, measurable and long-term benefits in terms of climate
change mitigation.
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The
reductions must be additional to any that would have occurred without
the project.
For the parties
involved:
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Each party
must have ratified the Kyoto Protocol;
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Each party
must have an assigned amount of emission reduction target (annex B of
Kyoto Protocol);
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Each party
must establish national JI authority;
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Each party
has in place a national
system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and
anthropogenic removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases;
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Each Party
has in place a national
registry, an annual inventory, and an accounting system for the sale and
purchase of emission reductions.
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Each party
submits the supplementary information on assigned amount and makes any
additions to, and subtractions from, assigned amount
Projects starting as of the year 2000 may be eligible
as JI projects if they meet the relevant requirements, but ERUs may only
be issued for a crediting period starting after the beginning of the year
2008.
Upon verification that a host Party
meets all the requirements above, she may issue the appropriate quantity
of ERUs. This is called a "Track 1 procedure". If the host country does
not meet all the requirements listed above, the verification of reductions
in emissions by sources or enhancements of removals by sinks as being
additional has to occur through the verification procedure under the JISC;
this is called the "Track 2 Procedure". ERUs will be transferred if JISC or
its accredited independent entity determines that the relevant
requirements are met
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