Recalling its decision 1/CP.13 (the Bali Action Plan), and decision 1/CP.15,

Seeking to secure progress in a balanced manner, in the understanding that, through

this decision, not all aspects of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term

Cooperative Action under the Convention are concluded, and that nothing in this decision

shall prejudge prospects for, or the content of, a legally-binding outcome in the future,

Reaffirming the commitment to enable the full, effective and sustained

implementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action, now, up to and

beyond 2012, in order to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention,

Recalling the principles, provisions and commitments set forth in the Convention, in

particular its Articles 3 and 4,

Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible

threat to human societies and the planet, and thus requires to be urgently addressed by all

Parties,

Affirming the legitimate needs of developing country Parties for the achievement of

sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty, so as to be able to deal with

climate change,

Noting resolution 10/4 of the United Nations Human Rights Council on ‚human

rights and climate change™, which recognizes that the adverse effects of climate change

have a range of direct and indirect implications for the effective enjoyment of human rights

and that the effects of climate change will be felt most acutely by those segments of the

population that are already vulnerable owing to geography, gender, age, indigenous or

minority status and disability.

1. Affirms that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and that all

Parties share a vision for long-term cooperative action in order to achieve the objective of

the Convention under its Article 2, including through achievement of a global goal, on the

basis of equity and in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities and

respective capabilities; this vision is to guide the policies and actions of all Parties, while

taking into full consideration the different circumstances of Parties in accordance with the

principles and provisions of the Convention; the vision addresses mitigation, adaptation,

finance, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building in a balanced,

integrated and comprehensive manner to enhance and achieve the full, effective and

sustained implementation of the Convention, now, up to and beyond 2012;

2. Further affirms that:

GE.10-70914.(a) Scaled-up overall mitigation efforts that allow for the achievement of desired

stabilization levels are necessary, with developed country Parties showing leadership by

undertaking ambitious emission reductions and in providing technology, capacity-building

and financial resources to developing country Parties, in accordance with the relevant

provisions of the Convention;

(b) Adaptation must be addressed with the same priority as mitigation and

requires appropriate institutional arrangements to enhance adaptation action and support;

(c) All Parties should cooperate, consistent with the principles of the

Convention, through effective mechanisms, enhanced means and appropriate enabling

environments, and enhance technology development and the transfer of technologies to

developing country Parties to enable action on mitigation and adaptation;

(d) Mobilization and provision of scaled up, new, additional, adequate and

predictable financial resources is necessary to address the adaptation and mitigation needs

of developing countries;

(e) Capacity-building is essential to enable developing country Parties to

participate fully in, and to implement effectively, their commitments under the Convention;

and that the goal is to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties in all areas;

3. Recognizes that warming of the climate system is unequivocal and that most of the

observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid twentieth century is very

likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, as

assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fourth Assessment

Report;

4. Further recognizes that deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required

according to science, and as documented in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-

governmental Panel on Climate Change, with a view to reducing global greenhouse gas

emissions so as to hold the increase in global average temperature below 2°C above pre-

industrial levels, and that Parties should take urgent action to meet this long-term goal,

consistent with science and on the basis of equity; Also recognizes the need to consider, in

the context of the first review, as referred to in paragraph 138 below, strengthening the

long-term global goal on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge, including in

relation to a global average temperature rise of 1.5°C;

5. Agrees, in the context of the long-term goal and the ultimate objective of the

Convention and the Bali Action Plan, to work towards identifying a global goal for

substantially reducing global emissions by 2050, and to consider it at its seventeenth

session;

6. Also agrees that Parties should cooperate in achieving the peaking of global and

national greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that the time frame for

peaking will be longer in developing countries, and bearing in mind that social and

economic development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of

developing countries and that a low-carbon development strategy is indispensable to

sustainable development. In this context, further agrees to work towards identifying a

timeframe for global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions based on the best available

scientific knowledge and equitable access to sustainable development, and to consider it at

its seventeenth session;

7. Recognizes the need to engage a broad range of stakeholders at global, regional,

national and local levels, be they government, including subnational and local government,

private business or civil society, including youth and persons with disability, and that

gender equality and the effective participation of women and indigenous peoples are

important for effective action on all aspects of climate change;

2.8. Emphasizes that Parties should, in all climate change-related actions, fully respect

human rights;

9. Confirms that Parties, especially developing country Parties that would have to bear

a disproportionate or abnormal burden under the long-term cooperative action under the

Convention, should be given full consideration;

10. Realizes that addressing climate change requires a paradigm shift towards building a

low-carbon society that offers substantial opportunities and ensures continued high growth

and sustainable development, based on innovative technologies and more sustainable

production and consumption and lifestyles, while ensuring a just transition of the workforce

that creates decent work and quality jobs;

11. Agrees that adaptation is a challenge faced by all Parties, and that enhanced action

and international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to enable and support the

implementation of adaptation actions aimed at reducing vulnerability and building

resilience in developing country Parties, taking into account the urgent and immediate

needs of those developing countries that are particularly vulnerable;

12. Affirms that enhanced action on adaptation should be undertaken in accordance with

the Convention; follow a country-driven, gender-sensitive, participatory and fully

transparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and

ecosystems; and be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate,

traditional and indigenous knowledge; with a view to integrating adaptation into relevant

social, economic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate;

13. Decides to hereby establish the Cancun Adaptation Framework encompassing the

provisions laid out below, with the objective of enhancing action on adaptation, including

through international cooperation and coherent consideration of matters relating to

adaptation under the Convention;

14. Invites all Parties to enhance action on adaptation under the Cancun Adaptation

Framework, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and

respective capabilities, and specific national and regional development priorities, objectives

and circumstances, by undertaking, inter alia, the following:

(a) Planning, prioritizing and implementing adaptation actions, including

projects and programmes, 1 and actions identified in national and subnational adaptation

plans and strategies, national adaptation programmes of action of the least developed

countries, national communications, technology needs assessments and other relevant

national planning documents;

(b) Impact, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including assessments of

financial needs as well as economic, social and environmental evaluation of adaptation

options;

(c) Strengthening institutional capacities and enabling environments for

adaptation, including for climate-resilient development and vulnerability reduction;

(d) Building resilience of socio-economic and ecological systems, including

through economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources;

1 Including in the areas of water resources; health; agriculture and food security; infrastructure; socio-

economic activities; terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems; and coastal zones.

3.(e) Enhancing climate change related disaster risk reduction strategies, taking

into consideration the Hyogo Framework for Action 2 where appropriate; early warning

systems; risk assessment and management; and sharing and transfer mechanisms such as

insurance, at local, national, subregional and regional levels, as appropriate;

(f) Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with

regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where

appropriate, at national, regional and international levels;

(g) Research, development, demonstration, diffusion, deployment and transfer of

technologies, practices and processes; and capacity-building for adaptation, with a view to

promoting access to technologies, in particular in developing country Parties;

(h) Strengthening data, information and knowledge systems, education and

public awareness;

(i) Improving climate-related research and systematic observation for climate

data collection, archiving, analysis and modelling in order to provide decision makers at

national and regional levels with improved climate-related data and information;

15. Decides to hereby establish a process to enable least developed country Parties to

formulate and implement national adaptation plans, building upon their experience in

preparing and implementing national adaptation programmes of action, as a means of

identifying medium and long-term adaptation needs and developing and implementing

strategies and programmes to address those needs;

16. Invites other developing country Parties to employ the modalities formulated to

support the above-mentioned national adaptation plans, in the elaboration of their planning

effort referred to in paragraph 14 (a) above;

17. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Implementation to elaborate modalities and

guidelines for the provisions of paragraphs 15 and 16 above, for adoption by the

Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;

18. Requests developed country Parties to provide developing country Parties, taking

into account the needs of those that are particularly vulnerable, with long-term, scaled-up,

predictable, new and additional finance, technology, and capacity-building, consistent with

relevant provisions, to implement urgent, short-, medium- and long-term adaptation actions,

plans, programmes and projects at local, national, subregional and regional levels, in and

across different economic and social sectors and ecosystems, as well as to undertake the

activities referred to in paragraphs 14Œ16, above and paragraphs 30, 32 and 33 below;

19. Acknowledges the need to strengthen, enhance and better utilize existing institutional

arrangements and expertise under the Convention;

20. Decides to hereby establish an Adaptation Committee to promote the

implementation of enhanced action on adaptation in a coherent manner under the

Convention, inter alia, through the following functions:

(a) Providing technical support and guidance to the Parties, respecting the

country-driven approach, with a view to facilitating the implementation of adaptation

activities, including those listed in paragraphs 14 and 15 of this decision, where

appropriate;

(b) Strengthening, consolidating and enhancing the sharing of relevant

information, knowledge, experience and good practices, at local, national, regional and

2 <http://www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/hfa.htm>.

4.international levels, taking into account, as appropriate, traditional knowledge and

practices;

(c) Promoting synergy and strengthening engagement with national, regional and

international organizations, centres and networks, to enhance the implementation of

adaptation actions, in particular in developing country Parties;

(d) Providing information and recommendations, drawing on adaptation good

practices, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties when providing guidance on

means to incentivize the implementation of adaptation actions, including finance,

technology and capacity-building and other ways to enable climate-resilient development

and reduce vulnerability, including to the operating entities of the financial mechanism of

the Convention, as appropriate;

(e) Considering information communicated by Parties on their monitoring and

review of adaptation actions, support provided and received, possible needs and gaps and

other relevant information, including information communicated under the Convention,

with a view to recommending what further actions may be required, as appropriate;

21. Invites Parties to submit to the secretariat, by 21 February 2011, views on the

composition of, and modalities and procedures for, the Adaptation Committee, including on

proposed linkages with other relevant institutional arrangements;

22. Requests the secretariat to compile these submissions into a miscellaneous document

to be made available by the fourteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term

Cooperative Action under the Convention, and to prepare a synthesis report based on those

submissions by the fourteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term

Cooperative Action under the Convention;

23. Requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention, taking into account the above-mentioned submissions and synthesis report, to

elaborate the composition of, and modalities and procedures for, the Adaptation

Committee, for adoption by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;

24. Requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention, in elaborating the above-mentioned modalities and procedures, to define, as

appropriate, linkages with other relevant institutional arrangements under and outside the

Convention, including at national and regional levels;

25. Recognizes the need to strengthen international cooperation and expertise to

understand and reduce loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate

change, including impacts related to extreme weather events and slow onset events 3 ;

26. Decides to hereby establish a work programme in order to consider, including

through workshops and expert meetings, as appropriate, approaches to address loss and

damage associated with climate change impacts in developing countries that are particularly

vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change;

27. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Implementation to agree on activities to be

undertaken under the above-mentioned work programme;

28. Invites Parties and relevant organizations to submit to the secretariat, by 21 February

2011, views and information on what elements should be included in the work programme,

including the following:

3 Including sea level rise, increasing temperatures, ocean acidification, glacial retreat and related

impacts, salinization, land and forest degradation, loss of biodiversity and desertification.

5.(a) Possible development of a climate risk insurance facility to address impacts

associated with severe weather events;

(b) Options for risk management and reduction; risk sharing and transfer

mechanisms such as insurance, including options for micro-insurance; and resilience

building, including through economic diversification;

(c) Approaches for addressing rehabilitation measures associated with slow onset

events;

(d) Engagement of stakeholders with relevant specialized expertise;

29. Requests the secretariat to compile these submissions into a miscellaneous document

and to prepare a synthesis report based on those submissions to be made available for

consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation at its thirty-fourth session, and

with a view to making recommendations on loss and damage to the Conference of the

Parties for its consideration at its eighteenth session;

30. Invites Parties to strengthen and, where necessary, establish regional centres and

networks, in particular in developing countries, with support from developed country

Parties and relevant organizations, as appropriate; and to facilitate and enhance national and

regional adaptation actions, in a manner that is country-driven, encourages cooperation and

coordination between regional stakeholders and improves the flow of information between

the Convention process and national and regional activities;

31. Notes that an international centre to enhance adaptation research and coordination

could also be established in a developing country;

32. Invites all Parties to strengthen and, where necessary, establish and/or designate

national-level institutional arrangements, with a view to enhancing work on the full range

of adaptation actions from planning to implementation;

33. Decides that all Parties should use existing channels to provide information, as

appropriate, on support provided and received for adaptation actions in developing

countries; and on activities undertaken, including, inter alia, progress made, experiences,

lessons learned, and challenges and gaps in the delivery of support with a view to ensuring

transparency and accountability, and encouraging best practices;

34. Invites relevant multilateral, international, regional and national organizations, the

public and private sectors, civil society and other relevant stakeholders to undertake and

support enhanced action on adaptation at all levels, including under the Cancun Adaptation

Framework, as appropriate, in a coherent and integrated manner, building on synergies

among activities and processes, and to make available information on the progress made;

35. Requests the secretariat to support the implementation of the Cancun Adaptation

Framework, including related institutional arrangements under the Convention, in

accordance with its mandate and subject to the availability of resources;

Emphasizing the need for deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions and early

and urgent undertakings to accelerate and enhance the implementation of the Convention

by all Parties, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated

responsibilities and respective capabilities,

6.Acknowledging that the largest share of historical global emissions of greenhouse

gases originated in developed countries and that, owing to this historical responsibility,

developed country Parties must take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse

effects thereof,

36. Takes note of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets to be

implemented by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention as communicated by them

and contained in document FCCC/SB/2010/INF.X 4 (to be issued);

37. Urges developed country Parties to increase the ambition of their economy-wide

emission reduction targets, with a view to reducing their aggregate anthropogenic emissions

of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol to a

level consistent with that recommended by the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;

38. Requests the secretariat to organize workshops to clarify the assumptions and the

conditions related to the attainment of these targets, including the use of carbon credits

from the market-based mechanisms and land use, land-use change and forestry activities,

and options and ways to increase their level of ambition;

39. Requests the secretariat to prepare a technical paper based on Parties™ submissions

with the aim of facilitating understanding of the assumptions and conditions related to the

attainment of their emission reduction targets and comparison of the level of emission

reduction efforts;

40. Decides, building on existing reporting and review guidelines, processes and

experiences, to enhance reporting in the national communications of Parties included in

Annex I to the Convention on mitigation targets and on the provision of financial,

technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties as follows:

(a) Developed countries should submit annual greenhouse gas inventories and

inventory reports and biennial reports on their progress in achieving emission reductions,

including information on mitigation actions to achieve their quantified economy-wide

emissions targets and emission reductions achieved, projected emissions and on the

provision of financial, technology and capacity-building support to developing country

Parties;

(b) Developed countries shall submit supplementary information on the

achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reductions;

(c) Developed countries shall improve the reporting of information on the

provision of financial, technology and capacity-building support to developing country

Parties;

41. Decides to enhance the guidelines for the reporting of information in national

communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, including the

development of common reporting formats, methodologies for finance, and in order to

ensure that information provided is complete, comparable, transparent and accurate;

42. Decides to enhance guidelines for the review of information in national

communications with respect to the following:

(a) Progress made in achieving emission reductions;

(b) Provision of financial, technology and capacity-building support to

developing country Parties;

4 Parties' communications to the secretariat that are included in the INF document are considered

communications under the Convention.

7.43. Decides that developed countries should establish national arrangements for the

estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse

gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;

44. Decides to establish a process for international assessment of emissions and

removals related to quantified economy-wide emissions reductions targets in the Subsidiary

Body for Implementation, taking into account national circumstances, in a rigorous, robust

and transparent manner, with a view to promoting comparability and building confidence;

45. Decides that developed countries should develop low-carbon development

strategies or plans;

46. Decides on the following work programme for the development of modalities and

guidelines described above, building on existing reporting and review guidelines, processes

and experiences:

(a) The revision of guidelines, as necessary, on the reporting of national

communications, including the biennial report:

(i) The provision of financing, through enhanced common reporting formats,

methodologies for finance and tracking of climate-related support;

(ii) Supplementary information on achievement of quantified economy-wide

emission reductions targets;

(iii) Information on national inventory arrangements;

(b) The revision of guidelines for the review of national communications,

including the biennial report, annual greenhouse gas inventories and national inventory

systems;

(c) The establishment of guidelines for national inventory arrangements;

(d) Modalities and procedures for international assessment and review of

emissions and removals related to quantified economy-wide emission reductions targets in

accordance with paragraph 44, including the role of land use, land-use change and forestry,

and carbon credits from market-based mechanisms, taking into account international

experience;

47. Invites Parties to submit views on the items in paragraph 46, including with respect

to the initial scheduling of the processes described in this section, by 28 March 2011;

Recognizing that developing country Parties are already contributing and will

continue to contribute to a global mitigation effort in accordance with the principles and

provisions of the Convention, and could enhance their mitigation actions, depending on the

provision of finance, technology and capacity-building support provided by developed

country Parties,

Reaffirming that social and economic development and poverty eradication are the

first and overriding priorities of developing country Parties, and that the share of global

emissions originating in developing countries will grow to meet their social and

development needs,

48. Agrees that developing country Parties will take nationally appropriate mitigation

actions in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology,

financing and capacity-building, aimed at achieving a deviation in emissions relative to

‚business as usual™ emissions in 2020;

8.49. Takes note of nationally appropriate mitigation actions to be implemented by non-

Annex I Parties as communicated and contained in document FCCC/AWGLCA/

/2010/INF.Y 5 (to be issued);

50. Invites developing countries that wish to voluntarily inform the Conference of the

Parties of their intention to implement nationally appropriate mitigation actions in

association with this decision to submit information on those actions to the secretariat;

51. Requests the secretariat to organize workshops, to understand the diversity of

mitigation actions submitted, underlying assumptions, and any support needed for

implementation of these actions, noting different national circumstances and respective

capabilities of developing country Parties;

52. Decides that, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Convention,

developed country Parties shall provide enhanced financial, technological and capacity-

building support for the preparation and implementation of nationally appropriate

mitigation actions of developing country Parties and for enhanced reporting by these

Parties;

53. Also decides to set up a registry to record nationally appropriate mitigation actions

seeking international support and to facilitate matching of finance, technology and

capacity-building support to these actions;

54. Invites developing country Parties to submit to the secretariat information on

nationally appropriate mitigation actions for which they are seeking support, along with

estimated costs and emission reductions, and the anticipated time frame for

implementation;

55. Also invites developed country Parties to submit to the secretariat information on

support available and provided for nationally appropriate mitigation action;

56. Requests the secretariat to record and regularly update in the registry the information

provided by Parties on:

(a) Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support;

(b) Support available from developed country Parties for these actions;

(c) Support provided for nationally appropriate mitigation actions;

57. Agrees to develop modalities for the facilitation of support through the registry

referred to in paragraph 53 above, including any functional relationship with the financial

mechanism;

58. Decides to recognize nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developing

countries in a separate section of the registry;

59. Requests the secretariat to record, and regularly update, information submitted by

Parties, in a separate section of the registry:

(a) Mitigation actions contained in document FCCC/AWGLCA/2010/INF.Y

referred to in paragraph 49 above;

(b) Additional mitigation actions submitted in association with paragraph 50

above;

(c) Once support has been provided, internationally supported mitigation actions

and associated support;

5 Parties' communications to the secretariat that are included in the information document are

considered communications under the Convention.

9.60. Decides to enhance reporting in national communications, including inventories,

from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties) on mitigation

actions and their effects, and support received; with additional flexibility to be given to the

least developed country Parties and small island developing states:

(a) The content and frequency of national communications from non-Annex I

Parties will not be more onerous than that for Parties included in Annex I to the

Convention;

(b) Non-Annex I Parties should submit their national communications to the

Conference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12, paragraph 1, of the Convention

every four years or in accordance with any further decisions on frequency by the

Conference of the Parties taking into account a differentiated timetable and the prompt

provision of financial resources to cover the agreed full costs incurred by non-Annex I

Parties in preparing their national communications;

(c) Developing countries, consistent with their capabilities and the level of

support provided for reporting, should also submit biennial update reports, containing

updates of national greenhouse gas inventories including a national inventory report and

information on mitigation actions, needs and support received;

61. Also decides that internationally supported mitigation actions will be measured,

reported and verified domestically and will be subject to international measurement,

reporting and verification in accordance with guidelines to be developed under the

Convention;

62. Further decides that domestically supported mitigation actions will be measured,

reported and verified domestically in accordance with general guidelines to be developed

under the Convention;

63. Decides to conduct a process for international consultations and analysis of biennial

reports in the Subsidiary Body on Implementation, in a manner that is non-intrusive, non-

punitive and respectful of national sovereignty; he international consultations and analysis

aim to increase transparency of mitigation actions and their effects, through analysis by

technical experts in consultation with the Party concerned, and through a facilitative sharing

of views, and will result in a summary report;

64. Also decides that information considered should include information on mitigation

actions, the national greenhouse gas inventory report, including a description, analysis of

the impacts and associated methodologies and assumptions, progress in implementation and

information on domestic measurement, reporting and verification and support received;

discussion about the appropriateness of such domestic policies and measures are not part of

the process. Discussions should be intended to provide transparency on information

related to unsupported actions;

65. Encourages developing countries to develop low-carbon development strategies or

plans in the context of sustainable development;

66. Agrees on a work programme for the development of modalities and guidelines for:

facilitation of support to nationally appropriate mitigation actions through a registry;

measurement, reporting and verification of supported actions and corresponding support;

biennial reports as part of national communications from non-Annex I Parties; domestic

verification of mitigation actions undertaken with domestic resources; and international

consultations and analysis;

67. Invites Parties to submit views on the items in paragraph 66, including with respect

to the initial scheduling of the processes described in this section, by 28 March 2011.

Affirming that, in the context of the provision of adequate and predictable support to

developing country Parties, Parties should collectively aim to slow, halt and reverse forest

cover and carbon loss, according to national circumstances, consistent with the ultimate

objective of the Convention, as stated in Article 2,

Also affirming the need to promote broad country participation in all phases

described in paragraph 73 below, including through the provision of support that takes into

account existing capacities,

68. Encourages all Parties to find effective ways to reduce the human pressure on

forests that results in greenhouse gas emissions, including actions to address drivers of

deforestation;

69. Affirms that the implementation of the activities referred to in paragraph 70 below

should be carried out in accordance with annex I to this decision, and that the safeguards

referred to in paragraph 2 of annex I to this decision should be promoted and supported;

70. Encourages developing country Parties to contribute to mitigation actions in the

forest sector by undertaking the following activities, as deemed appropriate by each Party

and in accordance with their respective capabilities and national circumstances:

(a) Reducing emissions from deforestation;

(b) Reducing emissions from forest degradation;

(c) Conservation of forest carbon stocks;

(d) Sustainable management of forest;

(e) Enhancement of forest carbon stocks;

71. Requests developing country Parties aiming to undertake activities referred to in

paragraph 70 above, in the context of the provision of adequate and predictable support,

including financial resources and technical and technological support to developing country

Parties, in accordance with national circumstances and respective capabilities, to develop

the following elements:

(a) A national strategy or action plan;

(b) A national forest reference emission level and/or forest reference level 6 or, if

appropriate, as an interim measure, subnational forest reference emission levels and/or

forest reference levels, in accordance with national circumstances, and with provisions

contained in decision 4/CP.15, and with any further elaboration of those provisions adopted

by the Conference of the Parties;

(c) A robust and transparent national forest monitoring system for the monitoring

and reporting of the activities referred to in paragraph 70 above, with, if appropriate,

subnational monitoring and reporting as an interim measure, 7 in accordance with national

6 In accordance with national circumstances, national forest reference emission levels and/or forest

reference levels could be a combination of subnational forest reference emissions levels and/or forest

reference levels.

7 Including monitoring and reporting of emissions displacement at the national level, if appropriate, and

reporting on how displacement of emissions is being addressed, and on the means to integrate

subnational monitoring systems into a national monitoring system.

11.circumstances, and with the provisions contained in decision 4/CP.15, and with any further

elaboration of those provisions agreed by the Conference of the Parties;

(d) A system for providing information on how the safeguards referred to in

annex I to this decision are being addressed and respected throughout the implementation of

the activities referred to in paragraph 70, while respecting sovereignty;

72. Also requests developing country Parties, when developing and implementing their

national strategies or action plans, to address, inter alia, drivers of deforestation and forest

degradation, land tenure issues, forest governance issues, gender considerations and the

safeguards identified in paragraph 2 of annex I to this decision, ensuring the full and

effective participation of relevant stakeholders, inter alia, indigenous peoples and local

communities;

73. Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above

should be implemented in phases beginning with the development of national strategies or

action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation

of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve

further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based

demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully

measured, reported and verified;

74. Recognizes that the implementation of the activities referred to in paragraph 70

above, including the choice of a starting phase as referred to in paragraph 73 above,

depends on the specific national circumstances, capacities and capabilities of each

developing country Party and the level of support received;

75. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to develop a

work programme on the matters referred to in annex II to this decision;

76. Urges Parties, in particular developed country Parties, to support, through

multilateral and bilateral channels, the development of national strategies or action plans,

policies and measures and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national

policies and measures, and national strategies or action plans, that could involve further

capacity building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration

activities including consideration of the safeguards referred to in paragraph 2 of annex I to

this decision, taking into account the relevant provisions on finance including those relating

to reporting on support;

77. Requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention to explore financing options for the full implementation of the results-based

actions 8 referred to in paragraph 73 above, and to report on progress made, including any

recommendations for draft decisions on this matter, to the Conference of the Parties at its

seventeenth session;

78. Also requests Parties to ensure coordination of the activities referred to in paragraph

70 above, including of the related support, particularly at the national level;

79. Invites relevant international organizations and stakeholders to contribute to the

activities referred to in paragraphs 70 and 78 above.

8 These actions require national monitoring systems.

Acknowledging the need to maintain consistency with the principles of the

Convention,

Emphasizing the importance of contributing to sustainable development, including

through technology transfer and other co-benefits,

Recognizing the importance of enhancing sustainable lifestyles and patterns of

production and consumption,

Aware of the need to provide incentives in support of low-emission development

strategies,

80. Decides to consider the establishment, at its seventeenth session, of one or more

market-based mechanisms to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigation

actions, taking into account the following:

(a) Ensuring voluntary participation of Parties, supported by the promotion of

fair and equitable access for all Parties;

(b) Complementing other means of support for nationally appropriate mitigation

actions by developing country Parties;

(c) Stimulating mitigation across broad segments of the economy;

(d) Safeguarding environmental integrity;

(e) Ensuring a net decrease and/or avoidance of global greenhouse gas

emissions;

(f) Assisting developed country Parties to meet part of their mitigation targets,

while ensuring that the use of such mechanism or mechanisms is supplemental to domestic

mitigation efforts;

(g) Ensuring good governance and robust market functioning and regulation;

81. Requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention to elaborate the mechanism or mechanisms referred to in paragraph 49 above,

with a view to recommending a draft decision or decisions to the Conference of the Parties

for consideration at its seventeenth session;

82. Invites Parties and accredited observer organizations to submit to the secretariat, by

21 February 2011, their views on matters referred to in paragraph 81 above;

83. Undertakes, in developing and implementing the mechanism or mechanisms

referred to in paragraph 80 above, to maintain and build upon existing mechanisms,

including those established under the Kyoto Protocol;

84. Decides to consider the establishment, at its seventeenth session, of one or more

non-market-based mechanisms to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote,

mitigation actions;

85. Requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention to elaborate the mechanism or mechanisms referred to in paragraph 84 above,

with a view to recommending a draft decision or decisions to the Conference of the Parties

for consideration at its seventeenth session;

13.86. Invites Parties and accredited observer organizations to submit to the secretariat, by

21 February 2011, their views on matters referred to in paragraph 85 above;

87. Also invites Parties and accredited observer organizations to submit to the

secretariat, by 21 February 2011, information on the evaluation of various approaches in

enhancing the cost-effectiveness of, and promoting, mitigation actions, including activities

implemented jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2 (a), of the Convention and any other

relevant activities, for synthesis by the secretariat.

Reaffirming the importance of the objective of the Convention, and the relevant

principles and provisions of the Convention related to economic and social consequences of

response measures, in particular its Articles 2, 3 and 4,

Recognizing that the implementation of response measures to mitigate climate

change taken by a Party may result in negative economic and social consequences for other

Parties, and the need to take into consideration in the implementation of the commitments

of the Convention the situation of Parties, particularly developing country Parties, with

economies that are vulnerable to the adverse impact of the implementation of measures to

respond to climate change, referred to in Article 4, paragraphs 8, 9 and 10, of the

Convention,

Affirming that responses to climate change should be coordinated with social and

economic development in an integrated manner, with a view to avoiding adverse impacts

on the latter, taking fully into account the legitimate priority needs of developing country

Parties for the achievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty,

and the consequences for vulnerable groups, in particular women and children,

Recognizing the importance of avoiding or minimizing negative impacts of response

measures on social and economic sectors, promoting a just transition of the workforce, the

creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development

priorities and strategies and contributing to building new capacity for both production and

service-related jobs in all sectors, promoting economic growth and sustainable

development,

Taking note of relevant provisions of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights

of Indigenous Peoples,

88. Urges Parties, in the implementation of measures to mitigate climate change, to take

into consideration the economic and social impacts of response measures and the needs of

Parties, in particular developing country Parties, impacted by response measures, consistent

with relevant provisions of the Convention;

89. Also urges developed country Parties to strive to implement policies and measures to

respond to climate change in such a way as to avoid negative social and economic

consequences for developing country Parties, taking into account Article 3 of the

Convention, and to assist these Parties in addressing such consequences by providing

support, including financial resources, transfer of technology and capacity-building, in

accordance with Article 4 of the Convention, to build up the resilience of societies and

economies negatively affected by response measures;

90. Reaffirms that the Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open

international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and

development in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling them

better to address the problems of climate change; measures taken to combat climate change,

14.including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable

discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade;

91. Agrees that information relating to response measures should be considered in a

structured manner in order to enhance the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1(g) and

(h), of the Convention, recognizing the needs of developing country Parties identified in

Article 4, paragraphs 8, 9 and 10;

92. Decides that Parties should cooperate fully to enhance understanding of economic

and social consequences of response measures, taking into account the need for information

from those affected, and evidence of actual impacts, and of both positive and negative

effects; and further decides to consider how existing channels, such as national

communications, including the possible submission of supplementary information, as

considered by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation, could be improved and be built

upon;

93. Decides to provide a forum on the impact of the implementation of response

measures, and to that end requests the Chairs of the SBSTA and the SBI to convene such a

forum at the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth sessions of these bodies, with the objective of

developing a work programme under the subsidiary bodies to address these impacts, with a

view to adopting, at the seventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties, modalities for

the operationalization of the work programme and a possible forum on response measures;

94. Invites Parties and relevant intergovernmental organizations to submit to the

secretariat, by 28 March 2011, their views on the issues referred to in paragraph 93 above

for consideration by the SBI and the SBSTA at the thirty-fourth sessions of the subsidiary

bodies;

95. Takes note of the collective commitment by developed countries to provide new and

additional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions,

approaching USD 30 billion for the period 2010Œ2012, with a balanced allocation between

adaptation and mitigation; funding for adaptation will be prioritized for the most vulnerable

developing countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing States

and Africa;

96. Invites, in order to enhance transparency, developed country Parties to submit to the

secretariat for compilation into an information document, by May 2011, 2012 and 2013,

information on the resources provided to fulfil the commitment referred to in paragraph 95

above, including ways in which developing country Parties access these resources;

97. Decides that, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, scaled-

up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding shall be provided to developing

country Parties, taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of developing

countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change;

98. Recognizes that developed country Parties commit, in the context of meaningful

mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD

100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries;

15.99. Agrees that, in accordance with paragraph 1(e) of the Bali Action Plan, funds

provided to developing country Parties may come from a wide variety of sources, public

and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources;

100. Decides that a significant share of new multilateral funding for adaptation should

flow through the Green Climate Fund;

101. Takes note of the relevant reports on the financing needs and options for

mobilization of resources to address the needs of developing country Parties with regard to

climate change adaptation and mitigation, including the report of the High-level Advisory

Group on Climate Change Financing;

102. Decides to establish a Green Climate Fund, to be designated as an operating entity of

the financial mechanism of the Convention under Article 11, with arrangements to be

concluded between the Conference of the Parties and the Green Climate Fund to ensure that

it is accountable to and functions under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties, to

support projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing country Parties

using thematic funding windows;

103. Also decides that the Fund shall be governed by a board of 24 members comprising

an equal number of members from developing and developed country Parties;

representation from developing country Parties shall include representatives from relevant

United Nations regional groupings and representatives from small island developing States

and the least developed countries; each board member shall have an alternate member;

alternate members are entitled to participate in the meetings of the board only through the

principal member, without the right to vote, unless they are serving as the member; during

the absence of the member from all or part of the meeting of the board, his or her alternate

shall serve as the member;

104. Further decides that the Green Climate Fund shall have a trustee; the trustee for the

Green Climate Fund shall have the administrative competence to manage the financial

assets of the Green Climate Fund, maintain appropriate financial records and prepare

financial statements and other reports required by the Board of the Green Climate Fund, in

accordance with internationally accepted fiduciary standards;

105. The trustee shall administer the assets of the Green Climate Fund only for the

purpose of, and in accordance with, the relevant decisions of the Green Climate Fund

Board. The trustee shall hold the assets of the Green Climate Fund separate and apart from

the assets of the trustee, but may commingle them for administrative and investment

purposes with other assets maintained by the trustee. The trustee shall establish and

maintain separate records and accounts to identify the assets of the Green Climate Fund;

106. Decides that the trustee shall be accountable to the Green Climate Fund Board for

the performance of its fiduciary responsibilities;

107. Invites the World Bank to serve as the interim trustee of the Green Climate Fund,

subject to a review three years after operationalization of the fund;

108. Decides that the operation of the fund shall be supported by an independent

secretariat;

109. Decides that the Green Climate Fund shall be designed by a Transitional Committee,

in accordance with the terms of reference in annex III to this decision; the Transitional

Committee shall have 40 members, with 15 members from developed country Parties and

25 members from developing country Parties, with:

(a) Seven members from Africa;

16.(b) Seven members from Asia;

(c) Seven members from Group of Latin American and Caribbean States;

(d) Two members from small island developing States;

(e) Two members from least developed countries;

110. Invites the Executive Secretary of the secretariat, in consultation with the President

of the Conference of the Parties, to convene the initial meeting of the Transitional

Committee, with members having the necessary experience and skills, notably in the area of

finance and climate change; the transitional committee meetings will be open to observers;

111. Requests the secretariat, in consultation with President of the Conference of the

Parties, to make arrangements enabling relevant United Nations agencies, international

financial institutions, and multilateral development banks, along with the secretariat and the

Global Environment Facility, to second staff to support the work of the Transitional

Committee for the design phase of the Green Climate Fund;

112. Decides to establish a Standing Committee under the Conference of the Parties to

assist the Conference of the Parties in exercising its functions with respect to the financial

mechanism of the Convention in terms of improving coherence and coordination in the

delivery of climate change financing, rationalization of the financial mechanism,

mobilization of financial resources and measurement, reporting and verification of support

provided to developing country Parties; Parties agree to further define the roles and

functions of this Standing Committee.

Recalling the commitments under the Convention, in particular Article 4,

paragraphs 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9,

Confirming the importance of promoting and enhancing national and international

cooperative action on the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies

to developing country Parties to support action on mitigation and adaptation now, up to and

beyond 2012, in order to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention,

Recognizing that an early and rapid reduction in emissions and the urgent need to

adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change require large-scale diffusion and transfer of,

or access to, environmentally sound technologies,

Stressing the need for effective mechanisms, enhanced means, appropriate enabling

environments and the removal of obstacles to the scaling up of the development and

transfer of technology to developing country Parties,

113. Decides that the objective of enhanced action on technology development and

transfer is to support action on mitigation and adaptation in order to achieve the full

implementation of the Convention,

114. Also decides that, in pursuit of this objective, technology needs must be nationally

determined, based on national circumstances and priorities,

115. Further decides to accelerate action consistent with international obligations, at

different stages of the technology cycle, including research and development,

demonstration, deployment, diffusion and transfer of technology (hereinafter referred to as

technology development and transfer) in support of action on mitigation and adaptation;

17.116. Encourages Parties, in the context of Article 4, paragraphs 1(c) and 5, of the

Convention and consistent with their respective capabilities and national circumstances and

priorities, to undertake domestic actions identified through country-driven approaches, to

engage in bilateral and multilateral cooperative activities on technology development and

transfer and to increase private and public research, development and demonstration in

relation to technology for mitigation and adaptation;

117. Decides to establish a Technology Mechanism to facilitate the implementation of

actions for achieving the objective referred to in paragraphs 113Œ115 above, under the

guidance of and accountable to the Conference of the Parties, which will consist of the

following components:

(a) A Technology Executive Committee to undertake the functions contained in

paragraph 121 below;

(b) A Climate Technology Centre and Network to undertake the functions

contained in paragraph 123 below;

118. Also decides that the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate Technology

Centre and Network, consistent with their respective functions, should facilitate the

effective implementation of the Technology Mechanism, under the guidance of the

Conference of the Parties;

119. Further decides that the Technology Executive Committee shall further implement

the framework for meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation of

Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention (technology transfer framework) adopted by

decision 4/CP.7 and enhanced by decision 3/CP.13;

120. Decides that priority areas that could be considered under the Convention may

include, inter alia:

(a) Development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies of

developing country Parties, including cooperative research, development and demonstration

programmes;

(b) Deployment and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies and know-

how in developing country Parties;

(c) Increased public and private investment in technology development,

deployment, diffusion and transfer;

(d) Deployment of soft and hard technologies for the implementation of

adaptation and mitigation actions;

(e) Improved climate change observation systems and related information

management;

(f) Strengthening of national systems of innovation and technology innovation

centres;

(g) Development and implementation of national technology plans for mitigation

and adaptation;

121. Also decides that the functions of the Technology Executive Committee shall be to:

(a) Provide an overview of technological needs and analysis of policy and

technical issues related to the development and transfer of technology for mitigation and

adaptation;

(b) Consider and recommend actions to promote technology development and

transfer in order to accelerate action on mitigation and adaptation;

18.(c) Recommend guidance on policies and programme priorities related to

technology development and transfer with special consideration given to the least

developed country Parties;

(d) Promote and facilitate collaboration on the development and transfer of

technology for mitigation and adaptation between governments, the private sector, non-

profit organizations and academic and research communities;

(e) Recommend actions to address the barriers to technology development and

transfer in order to enable enhanced action on mitigation and adaptation;

(f) Seek cooperation with relevant international technology initiatives,

stakeholders and organizations, promote coherence and cooperation across technology

activities, including activities under and outside of the Convention;

(g) Catalyse the development and use of technology road maps or action plans at

international, regional and national levels through cooperation between relevant

stakeholders, particularly governments and relevant organizations or bodies, including the

development of best practice guidelines as facilitative tools for action on mitigation and

adaptation;

122. Further decides that the Technology Executive Committee shall have the mandate

and composition as contained in annex IV;

123. Decides that the Climate Technology Centre shall facilitate a Network of national,

regional, sectoral and international technology networks, organizations and initiatives with

a view to engaging the participants of the Network effectively in the following functions:

(a) At the request of a developing country Party:

(i) Provide advice and support related to the identification of technology needs

and the implementation of environmentally sound technologies, practices and

processes;

(ii) Facilitate the provision of information, training and support for programmes

to build or strengthen developing country capacity to identify technology options,

make technology choices and operate, maintain and adapt technology;

(iii) Facilitate prompt action on the deployment of existing technology in

developing country Parties based on identified needs;

(b) Stimulate and encourage, through collaboration with the private sector,

public institutions, academia and research institutions, the development and transfer of

existing and emerging environmentally sound technologies, as well as opportunities for

NorthŒSouth, SouthŒSouth and triangular technology cooperation;

(c) Facilitate a Network of national, regional, sectoral and international

technology centres, networks, organization and initiatives with a view to:

(i) Enhancing cooperation with national, regional and international technology

centres and relevant national institutions;

(ii) Facilitating international partnerships among public and private stakeholders

to accelerate the innovation and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to

developing country Parties;

(iii) Providing, on request by a developing country Party, in-country technical

assistance and training to support identified technology actions in developing

country Parties;

19.(iv) Stimulating the establishment of twinning centre arrangements to promote

NorthŒSouth, SouthŒSouth and triangular partnerships with a view to encouraging

cooperative research and development;

(v) Identify, disseminate and assist with developing analytical tools, policies and

best practices for country-driven planning to support the dissemination of

environmentally sound technologies;

(d) Performing other such activities as may be necessary to carry out its

functions;

124. Also decides to terminate the mandate of the Expert Group on Technology Transfer

at the conclusion of the sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties;

125. Further decides that the Technology Executive Committee shall convene its first

meeting as soon as practicable following the election of its members and elaborate its

modalities and procedures taking into account the need to achieve coherence and maintain

interactions with other relevant institutional arrangements under and outside of the

Convention, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;

126. Decides that the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate Technology

Centre and Network shall report, on an interim basis 9 and without prejudice to the

relationship between the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate Technology

Centre and Network as referred to in paragraph 128 (a), below to the Conference of the

Parties, through the subsidiary bodies, on their respective activities and the performance of

their respective functions;

127. Also decides that the Climate Technology Centre and Network and the Technology

Executive Committee shall relate so as to promote coherence and synergy;

128. Underlines the importance of continued dialogue among Parties in 2011 through the

Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, including

on the following matters, with a view to the Conference of the Parties taking a decision at

its seventeenth session, in order to make the Technology Mechanism fully operational in

2012:

(a) The relationship between the Technology Executive Committee and the

Climate Technology Centre and Network, and their reporting lines;

(b) The governance structure and terms of reference for the Climate Technology

Centre and Network and how the Climate Technology Centre will relate to the Network,

drawing upon the results of the workshop referred to in paragraph 129 below;

(c) The procedure for calls for proposals and the criteria to be used to evaluate

and select the host of the Climate Technology Centre and Network;

(d) The potential links between the Technology Mechanism and the financial

mechanism;

(e) Consideration of additional functions for the Technology Executive

Committee and the Climate Technology Centre and Network;

129. Requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention to convene an expert workshop, in conjunction with one of its sessions in 2011,

on the matters contained in paragraph 128 above, drawing upon the preliminary work

9 Until there is a decision on the issues contained in paragraph 128 (a) below.

20.undertaken by the Expert Group on Technology Transfer, and to report on the results of this

workshop at that session;

Reaffirming that capacity-building is essential to enable developing country Parties

to participate fully in addressing the climate change challenges, and to implement

effectively their commitments under the Convention,

Recalling the provisions related to capacity-building for developing country Parties

contained in relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, especially

decision 2/CP.7,

Taking into account that the scope of capacity-building and related needs as

contained in the annex to decision 2/CP.7 and the key factors identified in decision 2/CP.10

remain valid,

Acknowledging that capacity-building is cross-cutting in nature and an integral part

of enhanced action on mitigation, adaptation, technology development and transfer, and

access to financial resources,

Also acknowledging that, in addition, there may be specific capacity-building

activities that require support to enable developing countries to undertake the enhanced

implementation of the Convention,

Reaffirming that capacity-building should be a continuous, progressive and iterative

process that is participatory, country-driven and consistent with national priorities and

circumstances,

130. Decides that capacity-building support to developing country Parties should be

enhanced with a view to strengthening endogenous capacities at the subnational, national or

regional levels, as appropriate, taking into account gender aspects, to contribute to the

achievement of the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, through,

inter alia:

(a) Strengthening relevant institutions at various levels, including focal points

and national coordinating bodies and organizations;

(b) Strengthening networks for the generation, sharing and management of

information and knowledge, including through NorthŒSouth, SouthŒSouth and triangular

cooperation;

(c) Strengthening climate change communication, education, training and public

awareness at all levels;

(d) Strengthening integrated approaches and the participation of various

stakeholders in relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions;

(e) Supporting existing and emerging capacity-building needs identified in the

areas of mitigation, adaptation, technology development and transfer, and access to

financial resources;

131. Also decides that financial resources for enhanced action on capacity-building in

developing country Parties should be provided by Parties included in Annex II to the

Convention and other Parties in a position to do so through the current and any future

operating entities of the financial mechanism, as well as through various bilateral, regional

and other multilateral channels, as appropriate;

21.132. Encourages developed country Parties to continue to report through their national

communications, in accordance with the ihGuidelines for the preparation of national

communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC

reporting guidelines on national communicationsl

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