In this year's State of the Union
address, President Bush told us that it was time to get serious about
America's addiction to foreign oil. The next day, we found out that
his idea didn't sit too well with the Saudi Royal Family. A few hours
later, Energy Secretary Bodman backtracked and assured the world that
even though the President said he planned to reduce the amount of oil
we import from the Middle East, he actually didn't mean that
literally.
If there's a single example out there that encapsulates the ability of
unstable, undemocratic governments to wield undue influence over
America's national security just because of our dependence on oil,
this is it.
Now, I could stand up here and give you all plenty of reasons why it's
a good idea for this country to move away from an oil-based economy. I
could cite studies from scientists and experts and even our own State
Department detailing the dangers of global warming - how it can
destroy our coastal areas and generate more deadly storms. I could
talk forever about the economic consequences of dependence - how it's
decimating our auto industry and costing us jobs and emptying our
wallets at the pump. And I could talk about the millions of new jobs
and entire new industries we could create by transitioning to an
alternative-fuel economy.
But all we really need to know about the danger of our oil addiction
comes directly from the mouths of our enemies:
"[Oil] is the umbilical cord and lifeline of the crusader community."
These are the words of Al Qaeda.
"Focus your operations on oil, especially in Iraq and the Gulf area,
since this will cause them to die off [on their own]." These are the
words Osama bin Laden.
More than anything else, these comments represent a realization of
American weakness shared by the rest of the world. It's a realization
that for all of our military might and economic dominance, the
Achilles heel of the most powerful country on Earth is the oil we
cannot live without.
Oil single-handedly fuels 96% of our transportation needs, and it's
also critical to the manufacture of millions of goods and products in
this country. As we saw during Hurricane Katrina, this kind of
dependency means that the loss of even a small amount of oil and
refining capacity for just a few days can cause economic panic and
soaring prices. A serious embargo or permanent loss could cause untold
disaster.
It would be nice if we could produce our way out of this problem, but
it's just not possible. We only have 3% of the world's oil reserves.
We could start drilling in ANWR today, and at its peak, which would be
more than a decade from now, it would give us enough oil to take care
of our transportation needs for about a month.
As a result, every single hour we spend $18 million on foreign oil. It
doesn't matter if these countries are budding democracies, despotic
regimes, or havens for the madrassas that plant the seeds of terror in
young minds - they get our money because we need their oil.
One need only glance at headlines around the world to understand how
dangerous this addictive arrangement truly is.
In Iran, Islamic fundamentalists are forging ahead with their nuclear
program, knowing full well that the world's response to their actions
will be influenced by our need for their oil. In fact, reports of a
$100 billion oil deal between Iran and China were soon followed by
China's refusal to press for sanctions against Iran over its nuclear
intentions.
In Nigeria, militant rebels have been attacking the country's oil
pipelines in recent weeks, sending prices soaring and calling into
question the political stability of a country that represents
America's fifth-largest source of oil imports.
In Saudi Arabia, Al Qaeda has been attempting attacks on that
country's poorly defended oil refineries for years. On Friday, they
almost succeeded as a truck full of explosives was detonated by the
shots of security guards just before it entered the refinery. Even
this minor damage caused oil prices to jump $2 in a single day. But a
former CIA agent tells us that if terrorists ever succeeded in
destroying an entire oil complex, it could take enough oil off the
market to cause economic catastrophe in the United States.
Our enemies are fully aware that they can use oil as a weapon against
America. And if we don't take this threat as seriously as the bombs
they build or the guns they buy, we will be fighting the War on Terror
with one hand tied behind our back.
Now, the good news about the President's decision to finally focus on
energy independence after five years is that it helps build bipartisan
consensus that our reliance on foreign oil is a problem and shows that
he understands the potential of renewable fuels to make a difference.
The bad news is that the President's energy policy treats our
dependence on oil as more of a nuisance than a serious threat.
Just one day after he told us in the State of the Union that renewable
fuels were the key to an energy independent future, we learned that
the President's budget cuts would force layoffs at the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory. Last week, this made for a rather awkward
situation when the President wanted to use the lab for a photo-op - so
awkward that the White House actually re-hired the laid-off
researchers just to avoid the embarrassment.
This is only one example, but it tells the story of a larger weakness
in the President's energy policy: it's simply not commensurate to the
challenge.
There's a reason that some have compared the quest for energy
independence to the Manhattan Project or the Apollo moon landing. Like
those historic efforts, moving away from an oil economy is a major
challenge that will require a sustained national commitment.
During World War II, we had an entire country working around the clock
to produce enough planes and tanks to beat the Axis powers. In the
middle of the Cold War, we built a national highway system so we had a
quick way to transport military equipment across the country. When we
wanted to beat the Russians into space, we poured millions into a
national education initiative that graduated thousands of new
scientists and engineers.
If we hope to strengthen our security and control our own foreign
policy, we can offer no less of a commitment to energy independence.
But so far, President Bush seems like he is offering less - much less.
His funding for renewable fuels is at the same level it was the day he
took office.
He refuses to call for even a modest increase in fuel-efficiency
standards for cars and trucks.
His latest budget funds less then half of the energy bill he himself
signed into law - leaving hundreds of millions of dollars in
under-funded energy proposals.
And while he cannot seem to find the funding for any of these energy
proposals, he has no problem allowing the oil companies to stiff
taxpayers $7 billion in royalties that they owe us for drilling on
public lands. These are the same oil companies that are currently
enjoying the highest profits on record.
Again, this is just not a serious commitment to energy independence.
The solutions are too timid - the reforms too small. America's
dependence on oil is a major threat to our national security, and the
American people deserve a bold commitment that has the full force of
their government behind it.
This isn't to lay the blame for our energy problems entirely at the
feet of our President. This is an issue that politicians from both
parties clamor about when gas prices are the headline of the month,
only to fall back into a trance of inaction once things calm down. And
so we all need to get serious here. Automakers need to get serious
about shifting their technology to greater fuel-efficiency, consumers
need to get serious about buying hybrid cars, and Washington needs to
get serious about working together to find a real solution to our
energy crisis.
Such a solution is not only possible, it's already being implemented
in other places around the world. Countries like Japan are creating
jobs and slowing oil consumption by churning out and buying millions
of fuel-efficient cars. Brazil, a nation that once relied on foreign
countries to import 80% of its crude oil, will now be entirely
self-sufficient in a few years thanks to its investment in biofuels.
So why can't we do this? Why can't we make energy security one of the
great American projects of the 21st century?
The answer is, we can. The President's energy proposal would reduce
our oil imports by 4.5 million barrels per day by 2025. Not only can
we do better than that, we must do better than that if we hope to make
a real dent in our oil dependency. With technology we have on the
shelves right now and fuels we can grow right here in America, by 2025
we can reduce our oil imports by over 7.5. million barrels per day -
an amount greater than all the oil we are expected to import from the
entire Middle East.
We can do this by focusing on two things: the cars we drive and the
fuels we use.
First, the cars. For years, we've hesitated to raise fuel economy
standards as a nation in part because of a very legitimate concern -
the impact it would have on Detroit. The auto industry is right when
they argue that transitioning to more hybrid and fuel-efficient cars
would require massive investment at a time when they're struggling
under the weight of rising health care costs, sagging profits, and
stiff competition.
But it's precisely because of that competition that they don't have a
choice. China now has a higher fuel economy standard than we do, and
Japan's Toyota is doubling production of the popular Prius to sell
100,000 in the U.S. this year.
There is now no doubt that fuel-efficient cars represent the future of
the auto industry. If American car companies hope to be a part of that
future - if they hope to survive - they must start building more of
these cars.
But that's not to say we should leave the industry to face these costs
on its own. Yes, we should raise fuel economy standards by 3% a year
over the next fifteen years, starting in 2008. With the technology
they already have, this should be an achievable goal for automakers.
But we can help them get there.
Right now, one of the biggest costs facing auto manufacturers isn't
the cars they make, it's the health care they provide. Health care
costs make up $1,500 of the price of every GM car that's made - more
than the cost of steel. Retiree health care alone cost the Big 3
automakers nearly $6.7 billion just last year.
So here's the deal we can make with the auto companies. It's a piece
of legislation I introduced called "Health Care for Hybrids," and it
would allow the federal government to pick up part of the tab for the
auto companies' retiree health care costs. In exchange, the auto
companies would then use some of that savings to build and invest in
more fuel-efficient cars. It's a win-win proposal for the industry -
their retirees will be taken care of, they'll save money on health
care, and they'll be free to invest in the kind of fuel-efficient cars
that are the key to their competitive future.
Now, building cars that use less oil is only one side of the equation.
The other involves replacing the oil we use with home-grown biofuels.
The Governors in this room have long known about this potential, and
all of you have been leading the way on ethanol in your own states.
This coalition also knows that corn-based ethanol is only the
beginning. If we truly want to harness the power of these fuels and
the promise of this market, we can and must generate more cellulosic
ethanol from agricultural products like corn stocks, switch grass and
other crops our farmers grow.
Already, there are hundreds of fueling stations that use a blend of
ethanol and gasoline known as E85, and there are millions of cars on
the road with the flexible-fuel tanks necessary to use this fuel -
including my own.
But the challenge we face with these biofuels is getting them out of
the labs, out of the farms, and onto the wider commercial market.
Every scientific study in the world could sing the praises of biofuels,
but you might still be hard-pressed to find an investor willing to
take the risk on a cellulosic ethanol plant or a brand-name petroleum
company willing to build an E85 fueling station.
The federal government can help in two ways here. First, we can reduce
the risk of investing. We already do this in a number of ways by
funding projects critical to our national security. Energy
independence should be no different. By developing an Energy
Technology Program at the Defense Department, we can provide loan
guarantees and venture capital to those with the best plans to develop
and sell biofuels on a commercial market. The Defense Department will
also hold a competition where private corporations get funding to see
who can build the best new alternative-fuel plant. The Department can
then use these new technologies to improve the energy security of our
own military.
Once we take the risk out of investing, the second thing the
government can do is to let the private sector know that there will
always be a market for renewable fuels. We can do this in a few ways.
First, we should ramp up the renewable fuel standard and create an
alternative diesel standard in this country so that by 2025, 65
billion gallons of alternative fuels per year will be blended into the
petroleum supply.
Second, Washington should lead the way on energy independency by
making sure that every single automobile the government purchases is a
flexible-fuel vehicle - starting today. When it becomes possible in
the coming years, we should make sure that every government car is a
plug-in hybrid as well.
Third, I'm supporting legislation that would make sure every single
new car in America is a flexible-fuel vehicle within a decade.
Currently it costs manufacturers just $100 to add these tanks to each
car. But we can do them one better. If they install flexible-fuel
tanks in their cars before the decade's up, the government should
provide them a $100 tax credit to do it - so there's no excuse for
delay.
Fourth, there are already millions of people driving flexible-fuel
vehicles who don't know it. The auto companies shouldn't get CAF'E
credit for making these cars if they don't let buyers know about them,
so I'd like to ask the industry to follow GM's lead and put a yellow
gas cap on all flexible fuel vehicles starting today. Also, they
should send a letter to those people who already have flexible-fuel
vehicles so they can start filling up their tank at the closest E85
station.
Finally, since there are only around 500 fueling stations that pump
E85 in the country, we recently passed legislation that would provide
tax credits of up to $30,000 for those who want to install E85 pumps
at their station. But we should do even more - we should make sure
that in the coming years, E85 stations are as easy to find as your gas
station is now.
Make no mistake - none of these reforms will come easy, and they won't
happen overnight. But we can't continue to settle for piecemeal,
bite-sized solutions to our energy crisis. We need a national
commitment to energy security, and to emphasize that commitment, we
should install a Director of Energy Security to oversee all of our
efforts. Like the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs and the National
Intelligence Director, this person would be an advisor to the National
Security Council and have the full authority to coordinate America's
energy policy across all levels of government. He or she would approve
all major budget decisions and provide a full report to Congress and
the country every year detailing the progress we're making toward our
2025 goal.
In the days and months after September 11th, Americans were waiting to
be called to something bigger than themselves. Just like their parents
and grandparents of the Greatest Generation, they were willing to
serve and defend their country - not only on the fields of war, but on
the homefront too.
This is our chance to step up and serve. The war against international
terrorism has pitted us against a new kind of enemy that wages terror
in new and unconventional ways. At home, fighting that enemy won't
require us to build the massive war machine that Franklin Roosevelt
called for so many years ago, but it will require us to harness our
own renewable forms of energy so that oil can never be used as a
weapon against America. From farmers and scientists to entrepreneurs
and governors, everyone has a role to play in this effort. In fact,
this afternoon I'm sitting down with business and military leaders to
discuss this very topic.
Now is the time for serious leadership to get us started down the path
of energy independence. Now is the time for this call to arms. I hope
some of the ideas I've laid out today can serve as a basis for this
call, but I also hope that members of both parties and all levels of
government can come together in the near future to launch this serious
quest for energy independence. Thank you.